[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":423},["ShallowReactive",2],{"cell-json-e72w-wz6j-5z83-icfn":3},{"@context":4,"@id":5,"@type":6,"schema:name":7,"schema:manufacturer":8,"hasPositiveElectrode":11,"hasCase":15,"hasProperty":18,"schema:subjectOf":85,"schema:creator":418,"schema:version":421,"schema:dateModified":422},"https:\u002F\u002Fw3id.org\u002Femmo\u002Fdomain\u002Fbattery\u002Fcontext","e72w-wz6j-5z83-icfn","BatteryCell","US18650VTC5",{"@type":9,"schema:name":10},"schema:Organization","Sony-Murata",{"@type":12,"hasActiveMaterial":13},"PositiveElectrode",{"@type":14},"LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxide",[16],{"@type":17},"R18650",[19,27,32,38,43,48,54,59,65,69,74,80],{"@type":20,"hasNumericalPart":23,"hasMeasurementUnit":26},[21,22],"RatedCapacity","ConventionalProperty",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":25},"RealData",2.6,"emmo:AmpereHour",{"@type":28,"hasNumericalPart":30},[29,22],"CycleLife",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":31},75,{"@type":33,"hasNumericalPart":35,"hasMeasurementUnit":37},[34,22],"NominalVoltage",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":36},3.6,"emmo:Volt",{"@type":39,"hasNumericalPart":41,"hasMeasurementUnit":37},[40,22],"UpperVoltageLimit",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":42},4.2,{"@type":44,"hasNumericalPart":46,"hasMeasurementUnit":37},[45,22],"LowerVoltageLimit",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":47},2.5,{"@type":49,"hasNumericalPart":51,"hasMeasurementUnit":53},[50,22],"DischargingCurrent",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":52},10,"emmo:Ampere",{"@type":55,"hasNumericalPart":57,"hasMeasurementUnit":53},[56,22],"MaximumContinuousDischargingCurrent",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":58},30,{"@type":60,"hasNumericalPart":62,"hasMeasurementUnit":64},[61,22],"Mass",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":63},0.0443,"emmo:Kilogram",{"@type":66,"hasNumericalPart":68,"hasMeasurementUnit":53},[67,22],"ChargingCurrent",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":47},{"@type":70,"hasNumericalPart":72,"hasMeasurementUnit":53},[71,22],"MaximumContinuousChargingCurrent",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":73},4,{"@type":75,"hasNumericalPart":77,"hasMeasurementUnit":79},[76,22],"Height",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":78},0.06520000000000001,"emmo:Metre",{"@type":81,"hasNumericalPart":83,"hasMeasurementUnit":79},[82,22],"Diameter",{"@type":24,"hasNumericalValue":84},0.0185,[86,103,113,123,132,142,154,161,168,177,183,189,201,208,222,228,234,245,251,259,267,280,287,300,309,315,325,334,344,353,368,378,387,398,406,412],{"@type":87,"@id":88,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":90,"schema:headline":91,"schema:author":92,"schema:datePublished":101,"schema:isPartOf":102},"schema:ScholarlyArticle","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2026.130001","USED","10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2026.130001","A dual-strategy thermal management system for lithium-ion battery: integrating immersion cooling with shape-stable phase change materials",[93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100],"Jie Mei","Guoqing Shi","Mingyi Chen","Bohong Wang","Dingding Yang","Qing Li","Yi Zhang","Weiguang An",2026,"Applied Thermal Engineering",{"@type":87,"@id":104,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":105,"schema:headline":106,"schema:author":107,"schema:datePublished":111,"schema:isPartOf":112},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.rineng.2025.104136","10.1016\u002Fj.rineng.2025.104136","A novel hybrid cooling system for a Lithium-ion battery pack based on forced air and fins integrated with phase change material",[108,109,110],"Mohanad F. Hassan","Abdul Hadi N. Khalifa","Ahmed Jasim Hamad",2025,"Results in Engineering",{"@type":87,"@id":114,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":115,"schema:headline":116,"schema:author":117,"schema:datePublished":111,"schema:isPartOf":122},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2025.116622","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2025.116622","Balanced capacity-based quantitative method for detecting internal short circuits in Lithium-ion battery modules",[118,119,120,121],"Xin Lai","Yuehang Ke","Xiaopeng Tang","Yuejiu Zheng","Journal of Energy Storage",{"@type":87,"@id":124,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":125,"schema:headline":126,"schema:author":127,"schema:datePublished":130,"schema:isPartOf":131},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fen17246306","10.3390\u002Fen17246306","Directly Interconnected High-Energy and High-Power Battery Packs",[128,129],"Michael Schwalm","Tatjana Dabrowski",2024,"Energies",{"@type":87,"@id":133,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":134,"schema:headline":135,"schema:author":136,"schema:datePublished":130,"schema:isPartOf":102},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2024.124188","10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2024.124188","Investigation of thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion battery in confined space under the influence of ventilation and humidity",[93,94,95,98,137,138,139,140,141],"He Liu","Sun Liu","Di Wang","Jingao Cao","Liwei Zhang",{"@type":87,"@id":143,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":144,"schema:headline":145,"schema:author":146,"schema:datePublished":130,"schema:isPartOf":122},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2024.111649","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2024.111649","State-of-Health prediction of lithium-ion batteries based on a low dimensional Gaussian Process Regression",[147,148,149,150,151,152,153],"Sebastian Pohlmann","Ali Mashayekh","Florian Stroebl","Dominic Karnehm","Manuel Kuder","Antje Neve","Thomas Weyh",{"@type":87,"@id":155,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":156,"schema:headline":157,"schema:author":158,"schema:datePublished":130},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Frepe62578.2024.10810068","10.1109\u002Frepe62578.2024.10810068","Performance and Safety of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Hot Desert Climates",[159,160],"Kenza Maher","Ameni Boumaiza",{"@type":87,"@id":162,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":163,"schema:headline":164,"schema:author":165,"schema:datePublished":167,"schema:isPartOf":102},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2023.120861","10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2023.120861","Experimental study on the effect of passive retardation method for thermal runaway mitigation of lithium-ion battery",[93,94,137,166,95],"Zhi Wang",2023,{"@type":87,"@id":169,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":170,"schema:headline":171,"schema:author":172,"schema:datePublished":167,"schema:isPartOf":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2023.233109","10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2023.233109","A quantitative method for early-stage detection of the internal-short-circuit in Lithium-ion battery pack under float-charging conditions",[118,173,120,174,121,175],"Bin Li","Yuanqiang Zhou","Furong Gao","Journal of Power Sources",{"@type":87,"@id":178,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":179,"schema:headline":180,"schema:author":181,"schema:datePublished":167,"schema:isPartOf":182},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fente.202300790","10.1002\u002Fente.202300790","Experimental Study on the Thermal Management Performance of Lithium‐Ion Battery Using Phase‐Change Material at Various Ambient Temperatures",[137,94,93,98,166],"Energy Technology",{"@type":87,"@id":184,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":185,"schema:headline":186,"schema:author":187,"schema:datePublished":167,"schema:isPartOf":122},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2023.109832","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2023.109832","Experimental study on the effect of phase change material on thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion battery under different triggering methods",[93,94,188,137,166],"Qing Feng Li",{"@type":87,"@id":190,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":191,"schema:headline":192,"schema:author":193,"schema:datePublished":167,"schema:isPartOf":112},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.rineng.2023.101651","10.1016\u002Fj.rineng.2023.101651","High power and thermal-stable of graphene modified LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode by simple method for fast charging-enable lithium ion battery",[194,195,196,197,198,199,200],"Rosana Budi Setyawati","Khikmah Nur Rikhy Stulasti","Yazid Rijal Azinuddin","Windhu Griyasti Suci","Harry Kasuma Aliwarga","Endah Retno Dyartanti","Agus Purwanto",{"@type":87,"@id":202,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":203,"schema:headline":204,"schema:author":205,"schema:datePublished":167,"schema:isPartOf":207},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.cej.2023.146467","10.1016\u002Fj.cej.2023.146467","An aging- and load-insensitive method for quantitatively detecting the battery internal-short-circuit resistance",[120,206,118,174,121,175],"Jiajun Zhu","Chemical Engineering Journal",{"@type":87,"@id":209,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":210,"schema:headline":211,"schema:author":212,"schema:datePublished":167},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.23919\u002Ficpe2023-ecceasia54778.2023.10213775","10.23919\u002Ficpe2023-ecceasia54778.2023.10213775","Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Constant Phase Element and Butler-Volmer’s Equation",[213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221],"Takamitsu Yamahigashi","Jusuke Shimura","K. Shibuya","Yinuo Wu","Koichi Shigematsu","Tatsuya Hosotani","J. Kuromi","Jun Imaoka","M. Yamamoto",{"@type":87,"@id":223,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":224,"schema:headline":225,"schema:author":226,"schema:datePublished":167,"schema:isPartOf":227},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fbatteries9100513","10.3390\u002Fbatteries9100513","Organic and Inorganic Hybrid Composite Phase Change Material for Inhibiting the Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries",[93,94,137,166],"Batteries",{"@type":87,"@id":229,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":230,"schema:headline":231,"schema:author":232,"schema:datePublished":233,"schema:isPartOf":122},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2022.105365","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2022.105365","Investigation on the optimization strategy of phase change material thermal management system for lithium-ion battery",[93,94,137,166,95],2022,{"@type":87,"@id":235,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":236,"schema:headline":237,"schema:author":238,"schema:datePublished":233,"schema:isPartOf":244},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fapp12052305","10.3390\u002Fapp12052305","An Improved Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network for State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery",[239,240,241,242,243],"Jianlong Chen","Chenlei Lu","Cong Chen","Hangyu Cheng","Dongji Xuan","Applied Sciences",{"@type":87,"@id":246,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":247,"schema:headline":248,"schema:author":249,"schema:datePublished":233,"schema:isPartOf":250},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.etran.2022.100213","10.1016\u002Fj.etran.2022.100213","Joint estimation of state-of-charge and state-of-health for all cells in the battery pack using “leader-follower” strategy",[120,174,175,118],"eTransportation",{"@type":87,"@id":252,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":253,"schema:headline":254,"schema:author":255,"schema:datePublished":233},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Fiwis57888.2022.9975131","10.1109\u002Fiwis57888.2022.9975131","Detection of Non-Linearity and Non-Stationarity in Impedance Spectra using an Extended Kramers-Kronig Test without Overfitting",[256,257,258],"Christian Plank","Tom Rüther","Michael Anton Danzer",{"@type":87,"@id":260,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":261,"schema:headline":262,"schema:author":263,"schema:datePublished":233,"schema:isPartOf":266},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Fspeedam53979.2022.9842275","10.1109\u002Fspeedam53979.2022.9842275","Application of embedded electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for on-board battery diagnostics",[264,265],"Serhii Kondratiev","Alexander Kuznietsov","2022 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM)",{"@type":87,"@id":268,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":269,"schema:headline":270,"schema:author":271,"schema:datePublished":279,"schema:isPartOf":102},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2021.116713","10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2021.116713","Thermally conductive silicone composites modified by graphene-oxide aerogel beads loaded with phase change materials as efficient heat sinks",[272,273,274,275,276,277,278],"Jinliang Zhao","Ying Zhao","Jinliang An","Chengchao Yuan","Yang Zhao","Yong Xiang","Jinglei Yang",2021,{"@type":87,"@id":281,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":282,"schema:headline":283,"schema:author":284,"schema:datePublished":279,"schema:isPartOf":227},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002FBATTERIES7010017","10.3390\u002Fbatteries7010017","State-of-Charge Monitoring and Battery Diagnosis of Different Lithium Ion Chemistries Using Impedance Spectroscopy",[285,286],"Peter R. Kurzweil","Wolfgang Scheuerpflug",{"@type":87,"@id":288,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":289,"schema:headline":290,"schema:author":291,"schema:datePublished":299,"schema:isPartOf":122},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2020.101499","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2020.101499","Durability of lithium-ion 18650 cells under random vibration load with respect to the inner cell design",[292,293,294,295,296,297,298],"Philipp Berg","Markus Spielbauer","Michael N. Tillinger","Matthias Merkel","Maik Schoenfuss","Oliver S. Bohlen","Andreas Jossen",2020,{"@type":87,"@id":301,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":302,"schema:headline":303,"schema:author":304,"schema:datePublished":307,"schema:isPartOf":308},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.12783\u002FDTEEES\u002FICEEE2018\u002F27801","10.12783\u002Fdteees\u002Ficeee2018\u002F27801","Battery State of Charge Estimation Based on a Pure Hardware Implementable Method",[120,175,305,306],"Kexin Yao","Yujie Wang",2019,"DEStech Transactions on Environment Energy and Earth Science",{"@type":87,"@id":310,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":311,"schema:headline":312,"schema:author":313,"schema:datePublished":307,"schema:isPartOf":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2019.227141","10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2019.227141","Model migration based battery power capability evaluation considering uncertainties of temperature and aging",[120,306,305,314,175],"Zhenwei He",{"@type":87,"@id":316,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":317,"schema:headline":318,"schema:author":319,"schema:datePublished":307,"schema:isPartOf":324},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fsu11236697","10.3390\u002Fsu11236697","Capacity Fade in Lithium-Ion Batteries and Cyclic Aging over Various State-of-Charge Ranges",[320,321,322,323],"Sophia Gantenbein","Michael Schönleber","Michael Weiss","Ellen Ivers‐Tiffée","Sustainability",{"@type":87,"@id":326,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":327,"schema:headline":328,"schema:author":329,"schema:datePublished":332,"schema:isPartOf":333},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.enconman.2018.10.082","10.1016\u002Fj.enconman.2018.10.082","A novel framework for Lithium-ion battery modeling considering uncertainties of temperature and aging",[120,306,330,305,331,175],"Changfu Zou","Yongxiao Xia",2018,"Energy Conversion and Management",{"@type":87,"@id":335,"schema:additionalType":89,"schema:identifier":336,"schema:headline":337,"schema:author":338,"schema:datePublished":342,"schema:isPartOf":343},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fer.3617","10.1002\u002Fer.3617","A hybrid lithium-ion battery model for system-level analyses",[339,340,341],"Juuso Lindgren","Muhammad Imran Asghar","Peter D. Lund",2016,"International Journal of Energy Research",{"@type":87,"@id":345,"schema:additionalType":346,"schema:identifier":347,"schema:headline":348,"schema:author":349,"schema:datePublished":101,"schema:isPartOf":352},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.mtcomm.2026.115213","REFERENCED","10.1016\u002Fj.mtcomm.2026.115213","Recent trends in battery manufacturing: A joining perspective",[350,351],"Pardeep Kumar","Sunil Sinhmar","Materials Today Communications",{"@type":87,"@id":354,"schema:additionalType":346,"schema:identifier":355,"schema:headline":356,"schema:author":357,"schema:datePublished":279,"schema:isPartOf":367},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1039\u002Fd1ta00376c","10.1039\u002Fd1ta00376c","Commercialisation of high energy density sodium-ion batteries: Faradion's journey and outlook",[358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366],"Ashish Rudola","Anthony J. R. Rennie","Richard John Heap","Seyyed Shayan Meysami","Alex Lowbridge","Francesco Mazzali","Ruth Sayers","Christopher M. Wright","J. Barker","Journal of Materials Chemistry A",{"@type":87,"@id":369,"schema:additionalType":346,"schema:identifier":370,"schema:headline":371,"schema:author":372,"schema:datePublished":299,"schema:isPartOf":377},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jajp.2020.100017","10.1016\u002Fj.jajp.2020.100017","Automotive battery pack manufacturing – a review of battery to tab joining",[373,374,375,376],"Maximilian Zwicker","Marcel Moghadam","W. Zhang","Chris Valentin Nielsen","Journal of Advanced Joining Processes",{"@type":87,"@id":379,"schema:additionalType":346,"schema:identifier":380,"schema:headline":381,"schema:author":382,"schema:datePublished":299,"schema:isPartOf":386},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Faccess.2020.2997792","10.1109\u002Faccess.2020.2997792","Reliability of Cylindrical Li-ion Battery Safety Vents",[383,384,385],"Xingyan Yao","Lingxi Kong","MICHAEL G. PECHT","IEEE Access",{"@type":87,"@id":388,"schema:additionalType":389,"schema:identifier":390,"schema:headline":391,"schema:author":392,"schema:datePublished":167,"schema:isPartOf":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2023.233208","UNCLEAR","10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2023.233208","Mechanistic calendar aging model for lithium-ion batteries",[393,394,395,396,397,298],"Alexander Karger","Julius Schmitt","Cedric Kirst","Jan Singer","Leo Wildfeuer",{"@type":87,"@id":399,"schema:additionalType":389,"schema:identifier":400,"schema:headline":401,"schema:author":402,"schema:datePublished":167,"schema:isPartOf":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2022.232498","10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2022.232498","Experimental degradation study of a commercial lithium-ion battery",[397,393,403,404,298,405],"Deniz Aygül","Nikolaos Wassiliadis","Markus Lienkamp",{"@type":87,"@id":407,"schema:additionalType":389,"schema:identifier":408,"schema:headline":409,"schema:author":410,"schema:datePublished":233,"schema:isPartOf":122},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2021.103909","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2021.103909","Teardown analysis and characterization of a commercial lithium-ion battery for advanced algorithms in battery electric vehicles",[397,404,393,411,405],"Fabian Bauer",{"@type":87,"@id":413,"schema:additionalType":389,"schema:identifier":414,"schema:headline":415,"schema:author":416,"schema:datePublished":233,"schema:isPartOf":122},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2022.104718","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2022.104718","Modeling capacity fade of lithium-ion batteries during dynamic cycling considering path dependence",[393,397,403,417,396,298],"Arpit Maheshwari",{"@type":419,"schema:name":420},"schema:Person","Philipp Dechent","1.0","2026-09-27",1790617787833]