[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":378},["ShallowReactive",2],{"cell-json-bhan-e7bw-9by0-jyzx":3},{"@context":4,"@id":5,"@type":6,"schema:name":7,"schema:manufacturer":8,"hasPositiveElectrode":12,"hasCase":16,"hasProperty":19,"schema:subjectOf":87,"schema:creator":373,"schema:version":376,"schema:dateModified":377},"https:\u002F\u002Fw3id.org\u002Femmo\u002Fdomain\u002Fbattery\u002Fcontext","https:\u002F\u002Fw3id.org\u002Fbattinfo\u002Fspec\u002Fbhan-e7bw-9by0-jyzx","BatteryCell","US18650VTC4",{"@type":9,"schema:name":10,"schema:sameAs":11},"schema:Organization","Sony","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wikidata.org\u002Fentity\u002FQ41187",{"@type":13,"hasActiveMaterial":14},"PositiveElectrode",{"@type":15},"LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxide",[17],{"@type":18},"R18650",[20,28,33,39,44,49,55,60,66,71,76,82],{"@type":21,"hasNumericalPart":24,"hasMeasurementUnit":27},[22,23],"RatedCapacity","ConventionalProperty",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":26},"RealData",2.1,"emmo:AmpereHour",{"@type":29,"hasNumericalPart":31},[30,23],"CycleLife",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":32},60,{"@type":34,"hasNumericalPart":36,"hasMeasurementUnit":38},[35,23],"NominalVoltage",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":37},3.7,"emmo:Volt",{"@type":40,"hasNumericalPart":42,"hasMeasurementUnit":38},[41,23],"UpperVoltageLimit",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":43},4.2,{"@type":45,"hasNumericalPart":47,"hasMeasurementUnit":38},[46,23],"LowerVoltageLimit",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":48},2.5,{"@type":50,"hasNumericalPart":52,"hasMeasurementUnit":54},[51,23],"DischargingCurrent",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":53},10,"emmo:Ampere",{"@type":56,"hasNumericalPart":58,"hasMeasurementUnit":54},[57,23],"MaximumContinuousDischargingCurrent",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":59},30,{"@type":61,"hasNumericalPart":63,"hasMeasurementUnit":65},[62,23],"Mass",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":64},0.045,"emmo:Kilogram",{"@type":67,"hasNumericalPart":69,"hasMeasurementUnit":54},[68,23],"ChargingCurrent",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":70},2,{"@type":72,"hasNumericalPart":74,"hasMeasurementUnit":54},[73,23],"MaximumContinuousChargingCurrent",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":75},4,{"@type":77,"hasNumericalPart":79,"hasMeasurementUnit":81},[78,23],"Height",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":80},0.065,"emmo:Metre",{"@type":83,"hasNumericalPart":85,"hasMeasurementUnit":81},[84,23],"Diameter",{"@type":25,"hasNumericalValue":86},0.0182,[88,99,113,128,142,150,157,169,180,196,206,213,225,232,238,243,253,264,276,285,299,310,318,329,337,347,357,364],{"@type":89,"@id":90,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":92,"schema:headline":93,"schema:author":94,"schema:datePublished":98},"schema:ScholarlyArticle","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Foeec66525.2025.11100258","USED","10.1109\u002Foeec66525.2025.11100258","Reconfigurable Pulse Charge BMS with Pre-Charge Capability for Li-Ion Energy Storage Systems (ESSs)",[95,96,97],"Amirhossein Rahimian Zarif","Amin Kazemi","Yasser Mafinejad",2025,{"@type":89,"@id":100,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":101,"schema:headline":102,"schema:author":103,"schema:datePublished":111,"schema:isPartOf":112},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2024.110571","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2024.110571","Safe and reliable laser ablation assisted disassembly methodology for cylindrical battery cells for post-mortem analysis",[104,105,106,107,108,109,110],"Daniel Aeppli","Jonas Gartmann","René Schneider","Erwin K. Hack","Sebastian Kretschmer","Thi Thu Dieu Nguyen","Marcel Held",2024,"Journal of Energy Storage",{"@type":89,"@id":114,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":115,"schema:headline":116,"schema:author":117,"schema:datePublished":111,"schema:isPartOf":127},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.ijepes.2024.110084","10.1016\u002Fj.ijepes.2024.110084","A reconfigurable wireless power transfer system with constant exciting current for charging multiple batteries",[118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126],"Cang Liang","Huan Yuan","Cheng Zhao","Renjie Zhang","Aijun Yang","Jifeng Chu","Mingzhe Rong","Xiaohua Wang","Aiguo Patrick Hu","International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems",{"@type":89,"@id":129,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":130,"schema:headline":131,"schema:author":132,"schema:datePublished":140,"schema:isPartOf":141},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2023.120172","10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2023.120172","Comprehensive analysis on aging behavior and safety performance of LiNixCoyMnzO2\u002Fgraphite batteries after slight over-discharge cycle",[133,134,135,136,137,138,139],"Lun Li","Xiaodong Zhou","Xiaoyu Ju","Zhizuan Zhou","Boxuan Wang","Bei Cao","Lizhong Yang",2023,"Applied Thermal Engineering",{"@type":89,"@id":143,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":144,"schema:headline":145,"schema:author":146,"schema:datePublished":140,"schema:isPartOf":112},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2023.109524","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2023.109524","Fast charging of commercial lithium-ion battery without lithium plating",[147,148,149],"Arun Thapa","Noah Hedding","Hongwei Gao",{"@type":89,"@id":151,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":152,"schema:headline":153,"schema:author":154,"schema:datePublished":155,"schema:isPartOf":156},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1149\u002F1945-7111\u002Faca364","10.1149\u002F1945-7111\u002Faca364","Low-frequency Inductive Loop and Its Origin in the Impedance Spectrum of a Graphite Anode",[147,149],2022,"Journal of The Electrochemical Society",{"@type":89,"@id":158,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":159,"schema:headline":160,"schema:author":161,"schema:datePublished":155,"schema:isPartOf":168},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fbatteries9010006","10.3390\u002Fbatteries9010006","Influence of Breathing and Swelling on the Jelly-Roll Case Gap of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Cells",[162,163,164,165,166,167],"Markus Spielbauer","Marco Steinhardt","Jan Singer","Andreas Aufschläger","Oliver S. Bohlen","Andreas Jossen","Batteries",{"@type":89,"@id":170,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":171,"schema:headline":172,"schema:author":173,"schema:datePublished":155,"schema:isPartOf":179},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fwevj13100178","10.3390\u002Fwevj13100178","Designing and Prototyping of Lithium-Ion Charging System Using Multi-Step Constant Current Method",[174,175,176,177,178],"Muhammad Ameer Syafiq Mohamad Nizam","Hari Maghfiroh","Bayhaqi Irfani","Inayati Inayati","Alfian Ma’arif","World Electric Vehicle Journal",{"@type":89,"@id":181,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":182,"schema:headline":183,"schema:author":184,"schema:datePublished":155,"schema:isPartOf":195},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.tsep.2022.101569","10.1016\u002Fj.tsep.2022.101569","Experimental study of liquid immersion cooling for different cylindrical lithium-ion batteries under rapid charging conditions",[185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194],"Yang Li","Minli Bai","Zhifu Zhou","Jizu Lv","Chengzhi Hu","Linsong Gao","Chunyang Peng","Yulong Li","Yubai Li","Yongchen Song","Thermal Science and Engineering Progress",{"@type":89,"@id":197,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":198,"schema:headline":199,"schema:author":200,"schema:datePublished":155,"schema:isPartOf":205},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Flcsys.2022.3231557","10.1109\u002Flcsys.2022.3231557","On the Feasibility of Electrode Concentration Distribution Estimation in Single-Particle Lithium-Ion Battery Models",[201,202,203,204],"Zahra Nozarijouybari","Anirudh Allam","Simona Onori","Hosam K. Fathy","IEEE Control Systems Letters",{"@type":89,"@id":207,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":208,"schema:headline":209,"schema:author":210,"schema:datePublished":155,"schema:isPartOf":212},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.48550\u002Farxiv.2203.04226","10.48550\u002Farxiv.2203.04226","Extending life of Lithium-ion battery systems by embracing heterogeneities via an optimal control-based active balancing strategy",[211,202,203],"Vahid Azimi","arXiv (Cornell University)",{"@type":89,"@id":214,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":215,"schema:headline":216,"schema:author":217,"schema:datePublished":223,"schema:isPartOf":224},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2020.124094","10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2020.124094","Multi-physics safety model based on structure damage for lithium-ion battery under mechanical abuse",[218,219,220,221,222],"Yiding Li","Wenwei Wang","Cheng Wu Lin","Yang Xiaoguang","Zuo Fenghao",2020,"Journal of Cleaner Production",{"@type":89,"@id":226,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":227,"schema:headline":228,"schema:author":229,"schema:datePublished":223,"schema:isPartOf":231},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2020.227755","10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2020.227755","Safety performance and failure prediction model of cylindrical lithium-ion battery",[219,218,220,222,230],"Sheng Nan Yang","Journal of Power Sources",{"@type":89,"@id":233,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":234,"schema:headline":235,"schema:author":236,"schema:datePublished":223,"schema:isPartOf":237},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.energy.2020.119050","10.1016\u002Fj.energy.2020.119050","A safety performance estimation model of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles under dynamic compression",[218,219,220,221,222],"Energy",{"@type":89,"@id":239,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":240,"schema:headline":241,"schema:author":242,"schema:datePublished":223,"schema:isPartOf":224},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2020.125451","10.1016\u002Fj.jclepro.2020.125451","High-efficiency multiphysics coupling framework for cylindrical lithium-ion battery under mechanical abuse",[218,219,220,222],{"@type":89,"@id":244,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":245,"schema:headline":246,"schema:author":247,"schema:datePublished":251,"schema:isPartOf":252},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.12783\u002Fdteees\u002Ficeee2019\u002F31778","10.12783\u002Fdteees\u002Ficeee2019\u002F31778","Equivalent Mechanical Model for Cylindrical Lithium-ion Battery Under Mechanical Abuse and Soft Short-circuit Failure Warning",[248,218,249,250,222],"Wang Wenwei","Lin Cheng","Zhipeng Zhang",2019,"DEStech Transactions on Environment Energy and Earth Science",{"@type":89,"@id":254,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":255,"schema:headline":256,"schema:author":257,"schema:datePublished":251,"schema:isPartOf":263},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Ftsg.2019.2915013","10.1109\u002Ftsg.2019.2915013","Near-Fastest Battery Balancing by Cell\u002FModule Reconfiguration",[258,259,260,261,262],"Weiji Han","Changfu Zou","Liang Zhang","Quan Ouyang","Torsten Wik","IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid",{"@type":89,"@id":265,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":266,"schema:headline":267,"schema:author":268,"schema:datePublished":274,"schema:isPartOf":275},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002FEN11010086","10.3390\u002Fen11010086","Long-Term Battery Voltage, Power, and Surface Temperature Prediction Using a Model-Based Extreme Learning Machine",[269,270,271,272,273],"Xiaopeng Tang","Kexin Yao","Boyang Liu","Wengui Hu","Furong Gao",2018,"Energies",{"@type":89,"@id":277,"schema:additionalType":91,"schema:identifier":278,"schema:headline":279,"schema:author":280,"schema:datePublished":284},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Ficiea.2015.7334077","10.1109\u002Ficiea.2015.7334077","Comparison of two battery equivalent circuit models for state of charge estimation in electric vehicles",[281,282,283],"Narayani Koirala","Fengxian He","Weixiang Shen",2015,{"@type":89,"@id":286,"schema:additionalType":287,"schema:identifier":288,"schema:headline":289,"schema:author":290,"schema:datePublished":98,"schema:isPartOf":231},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2025.237833","REFERENCED","10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2025.237833","Electrochemical modeling in lithium batteries: Pathways to next-generation power sources",[291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298],"Hosein Jahangir","Hassan Zahirinia","Mahdi Tayebnia","Masoud Yavarinasab","Javad Enferadi","Marzieh Nodehi","Wojciech Simka","Mehdi Baghayeri",{"@type":89,"@id":300,"schema:additionalType":287,"schema:identifier":301,"schema:headline":302,"schema:author":303,"schema:datePublished":140,"schema:isPartOf":168},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fbatteries9060309","10.3390\u002Fbatteries9060309","Design, Properties, and Manufacturing of Cylindrical Li-Ion Battery Cells—A Generic Overview",[304,305,306,307,308,309],"Sabri Baazouzi","Niklas Feistel","Johannes Wanner","Inga Landwehr","Alexander Fill","Kai Peter Birke",{"@type":89,"@id":311,"schema:additionalType":287,"schema:identifier":312,"schema:headline":313,"schema:author":314,"schema:datePublished":140,"schema:isPartOf":317},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.egyr.2023.08.043","10.1016\u002Fj.egyr.2023.08.043","Batteries temperature prediction and thermal management using machine learning: An overview",[315,316],"Ahmad Al Miaari","Hafız Muhammad Ali","Energy Reports",{"@type":89,"@id":319,"schema:additionalType":287,"schema:identifier":320,"schema:headline":321,"schema:author":322,"schema:datePublished":155,"schema:isPartOf":328},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.joule.2022.04.004","10.1016\u002Fj.joule.2022.04.004","Batteries for robotic spacecraft",[323,324,325,326,327],"John‐Paul Jones","Marshall C. Smart","Frederick C. Krause","William Clark West","Erik J. Brandon","Joule",{"@type":89,"@id":330,"schema:additionalType":287,"schema:identifier":331,"schema:headline":332,"schema:author":333,"schema:datePublished":223,"schema:isPartOf":275},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fen13164097","10.3390\u002Fen13164097","A Review of Battery Technology in CubeSats and Small Satellite Solutions",[334,335,336],"Václav Knap","Lars Kjeldgaard Vestergaard","Daniel‐Ioan Stroe",{"@type":89,"@id":338,"schema:additionalType":287,"schema:identifier":339,"schema:headline":340,"schema:author":341,"schema:datePublished":274,"schema:isPartOf":346},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002FJ.RSER.2018.03.002","10.1016\u002Fj.rser.2018.03.002","The lithium-ion battery: State of the art and future perspectives",[342,343,344,345],"Ghassan Zubi","Rodolfo Dufo‐López","Mónica Carvalho","Güzay Paşaoğlu","Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews",{"@type":89,"@id":348,"schema:additionalType":287,"schema:identifier":349,"schema:headline":350,"schema:author":351,"schema:datePublished":274,"schema:isPartOf":356},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Fjproc.2018.2793158","10.1109\u002Fjproc.2018.2793158","Energy Storage Technologies for Small Satellite Applications",[352,327,353,324,354,325,326,355],"Keith B. Chin","Ratnakumar V. Bugga","Simon C. Jones","Gary S. Bolotin","Proceedings of the IEEE",{"@type":89,"@id":358,"schema:additionalType":287,"schema:identifier":359,"schema:headline":360,"schema:author":361,"schema:datePublished":363,"schema:isPartOf":168},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002FBATTERIES2020017","10.3390\u002Fbatteries2020017","Calculation of Constant Power Lithium Battery Discharge Curves",[362],"Lance W. Traub",2016,{"@type":89,"@id":365,"schema:additionalType":366,"schema:identifier":367,"schema:headline":368,"schema:author":369,"schema:datePublished":155,"schema:isPartOf":372},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.11591\u002Fijpeds.v13.i2.pp926-937","UNCLEAR","10.11591\u002Fijpeds.v13.i2.pp926-937","Constant current-fuzzy logic algorithm for lithium-ion battery charging",[174,175,370,177,371],"Azis Ubaidilah","Feri Adriyanto","International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems\u002FInternational Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering",{"@type":374,"schema:name":375},"schema:Person","Philipp Dechent","1.0","2026-09-27",1790617787821]