[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":368},["ShallowReactive",2],{"cell-json-0ank-3b0h-5px9-zm27":3},{"@context":4,"@id":5,"@type":6,"schema:name":7,"schema:manufacturer":8,"hasPositiveElectrode":12,"hasCase":14,"hasProperty":17,"schema:subjectOf":81,"schema:creator":363,"schema:version":366,"schema:dateModified":367},"https:\u002F\u002Fw3id.org\u002Femmo\u002Fdomain\u002Fbattery\u002Fcontext","https:\u002F\u002Fw3id.org\u002Fbattinfo\u002Fspec\u002F0ank-3b0h-5px9-zm27","BatteryCell","INR-21700-P42A",{"@type":9,"schema:name":10,"schema:sameAs":11},"schema:Organization","Molicel","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wikidata.org\u002Fentity\u002FQ5321436",{"@type":13},"PositiveElectrode",[15],{"@type":16},"R21700",[18,26,31,37,41,46,51,56,62,66,71,76],{"@type":19,"hasNumericalPart":22,"hasMeasurementUnit":25},[20,21],"RatedCapacity","ConventionalProperty",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":24},"RealData",4.2,"emmo:AmpereHour",{"@type":27,"hasNumericalPart":29},[28,21],"CycleLife",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":30},800,{"@type":32,"hasNumericalPart":34,"hasMeasurementUnit":36},[33,21],"NominalVoltage",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":35},3.6,"emmo:Volt",{"@type":38,"hasNumericalPart":40,"hasMeasurementUnit":36},[39,21],"UpperVoltageLimit",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":24},{"@type":42,"hasNumericalPart":44,"hasMeasurementUnit":36},[43,21],"LowerVoltageLimit",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":45},2.5,{"@type":47,"hasNumericalPart":49,"hasMeasurementUnit":50},[48,21],"DischargingCurrent",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":24},"emmo:Ampere",{"@type":52,"hasNumericalPart":54,"hasMeasurementUnit":50},[53,21],"MaximumContinuousDischargingCurrent",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":55},26,{"@type":57,"hasNumericalPart":59,"hasMeasurementUnit":61},[58,21],"Mass",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":60},0.07,"emmo:Kilogram",{"@type":63,"hasNumericalPart":65,"hasMeasurementUnit":50},[64,21],"ChargingCurrent",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":24},{"@type":67,"hasNumericalPart":69,"hasMeasurementUnit":50},[68,21],"MaximumContinuousChargingCurrent",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":70},6,{"@type":72,"hasNumericalPart":74,"hasMeasurementUnit":75},[73,21],"Height",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":60},"emmo:Metre",{"@type":77,"hasNumericalPart":79,"hasMeasurementUnit":75},[78,21],"Diameter",{"@type":23,"hasNumericalValue":80},0.021,[82,99,111,120,128,134,147,156,168,174,179,186,195,210,221,232,238,248,258,264,269,275,282,287,294,301,310,317,326,332,340,348,355],{"@type":83,"@id":84,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":86,"schema:headline":87,"schema:author":88,"schema:datePublished":97,"schema:isPartOf":98},"schema:ScholarlyArticle","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2026.131875","USED","10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2026.131875","Performance of a laval nozzle-type cold plate for battery thermal management under NEDC and WLTC driving conditions",[89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96],"Zhenghan Zhang","Long Feng","Lingyue Kong","Chenglong Wu","Qihe Zhao","Long Chang","Mingfei Mu","Ying Yin",2026,"Applied Thermal Engineering",{"@type":83,"@id":100,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":101,"schema:headline":102,"schema:author":103,"schema:datePublished":97,"schema:isPartOf":110},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2026.122582","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2026.122582","Design and multi-objective optimization of single-phase natural-convection immersion cooling for cylindrical Lithium-ion battery packs in subaquatic energy storage systems",[104,105,106,107,108,109],"Zhaolong Zeng","Xing Jü","Xiaole Yao","Qian Liu","Xiaoqing Zhu","Chao Xu","Journal of Energy Storage",{"@type":83,"@id":112,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":113,"schema:headline":114,"schema:author":115,"schema:datePublished":97,"schema:isPartOf":119},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Ftim.2026.3659695","10.1109\u002Ftim.2026.3659695","Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries: Novel Insights and Improvements",[116,117,118],"Prarthana Pillai","Krishna Rao Pattipati","Balakumar Balasingam","IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement",{"@type":83,"@id":121,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":122,"schema:headline":123,"schema:author":124,"schema:datePublished":97,"schema:isPartOf":127},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Ftte.2026.3670711","10.1109\u002Ftte.2026.3670711","Quantification of Drift in Battery Impedance Spectroscopy Due to State of Charge, Current Amplitude, and Rest Time",[125,116,126,118],"Banuselvasaraswathy Balasubramanian","Ahmed Hamdi Sakr","IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification",{"@type":83,"@id":129,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":130,"schema:headline":131,"schema:author":132,"schema:datePublished":97,"schema:isPartOf":133},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fbatteries12070258","10.3390\u002Fbatteries12070258","Variability Analysis of Battery EIS Measurements",[116,125,117,118],"Batteries",{"@type":83,"@id":135,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":136,"schema:headline":137,"schema:author":138,"schema:datePublished":145,"schema:isPartOf":146},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1038\u002Fs41597-025-05725-y","10.1038\u002Fs41597-025-05725-y","High-power lithium-ion battery characterization dataset for stochastic battery modeling",[139,140,141,142,143,144],"Muhammad Aadil Khan","Sai Thatipamula","Luigi Tresca","Le Xu","Amalie Trewartha","Simona Onori",2025,"Scientific Data",{"@type":83,"@id":148,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":149,"schema:headline":150,"schema:author":151,"schema:datePublished":145,"schema:isPartOf":110},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.est.2025.119685","10.1016\u002Fj.est.2025.119685","A novel thermal management system combining phase change material, terminal-cooling with novel arc-fins for a lithium-ion battery pack and the parametric study of the cold plate",[91,152,153,94,154,155,95],"Yunhao Li","Lili Kong","Guiyue Kou","Jiang Sun",{"@type":83,"@id":157,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":158,"schema:headline":159,"schema:author":160,"schema:datePublished":145,"schema:isPartOf":167},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2025.238643","10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2025.238643","Ageing mitigation of 21700 Li-ion cylindrical batteries for heavy duty BEVs through forced air and immersion cooling strategies in Nordic climate zones",[161,162,163,164,165,166],"Ashima Verma","Wendi Guo","Litao Yin","Niladri Roy Chowdhury","Amin Moosavi","Daniel Brandell","Journal of Power Sources",{"@type":83,"@id":169,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":170,"schema:headline":171,"schema:author":172,"schema:datePublished":145},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Foncon68412.2025.11384222","10.1109\u002Foncon68412.2025.11384222","Improved Linear Estimation of Battery Open-Circuit Voltage and RC Model Parameters from Pulse-Relaxation Data",[173,117,118],"Sooraj Sunil",{"@type":83,"@id":175,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":176,"schema:headline":177,"schema:author":178,"schema:datePublished":145,"schema:isPartOf":119},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Ftim.2025.3644548","10.1109\u002Ftim.2025.3644548","Two-Stage Least Squares for Equivalent-Circuit Model Parameter Estimation of Li-Ion Batteries Using Pulse-Relaxation Excitation",[173,116,117,118],{"@type":83,"@id":180,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":181,"schema:headline":182,"schema:author":183,"schema:datePublished":145,"schema:isPartOf":185},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.48550\u002Farxiv.2505.06410","10.48550\u002Farxiv.2505.06410","An Improved Approach to Estimate the Internal Resistance of a Battery During the HPPC Test",[116,184,117,118],"Desai, Smeet","arXiv (Cornell University)",{"@type":83,"@id":187,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":188,"schema:headline":189,"schema:author":190,"schema:datePublished":194,"schema:isPartOf":167},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2024.235036","10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2024.235036","Operando determination of lithium-ion cell temperature based on electrochemical impedance features",[191,192,193],"Tobias Hackmann","Sebastian Esser","Michael Anton Danzer",2024,{"@type":83,"@id":196,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":197,"schema:headline":198,"schema:author":199,"schema:datePublished":194,"schema:isPartOf":209},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1149\u002F1945-7111\u002Fad59c9","10.1149\u002F1945-7111\u002Fad59c9","Investigating the Performance and Safety of Li-Ion Cylindrical Cells Using Acoustic Emission and Machine Learning Analysis",[200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208],"Arthur Fordham","Seung-Bin Joo","Rhodri E. Owen","Elias Galiounas","Mark Buckwell","Dan J. L. Brett","Paul Robert Shearing","Rhodri Jervis","James B. Robinson","Journal of The Electrochemical Society",{"@type":83,"@id":211,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":212,"schema:headline":213,"schema:author":214,"schema:datePublished":194,"schema:isPartOf":220},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108505","10.1016\u002Fj.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108505","Study on performance effects for battery energy storage rack in thermal management system",[215,216,217,218,219],"Wei‐Mon Yan","Bing-Chen Jiang","Bo-Lin Chen","Chun-Han Li","Saman Rashidi","International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer",{"@type":83,"@id":222,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":223,"schema:headline":224,"schema:author":225,"schema:datePublished":194},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Ficit58233.2024.10540962","10.1109\u002Ficit58233.2024.10540962","Lithium Ion Batteries Impedance Approximation and Model Parameterization Using Artificial Neural Networks",[226,227,228,229,230,231],"Sebastian Pohlmann","Ali Mashayekh","Dominic Karnehm","Manuel Kuder","Antje Neve","Thomas Weyh",{"@type":83,"@id":233,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":234,"schema:headline":235,"schema:author":236,"schema:datePublished":194,"schema:isPartOf":119},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Ftim.2024.3480208","10.1109\u002Ftim.2024.3480208","Theoretical Performance Bound and Its Experimental Validation of Battery Capacity Estimates in Rechargeable Batteries",[237,116,117,118],"Sneha Sundaresan",{"@type":83,"@id":239,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":240,"schema:headline":241,"schema:author":242,"schema:datePublished":246,"schema:isPartOf":247},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fapp13084681","10.3390\u002Fapp13084681","Adaptive Thermal Control of Cell Groups to Extend Cycle Life of Lithium-Ion Battery Packs",[243,244,245],"Wesley D. Connor","Suresh G. Advani","Ajay Krishna Prasad",2023,"Applied Sciences",{"@type":83,"@id":249,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":250,"schema:headline":251,"schema:author":252,"schema:datePublished":246,"schema:isPartOf":98},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2023.121518","10.1016\u002Fj.applthermaleng.2023.121518","Thermal management of 21700 Li-ion battery packs: Experimental and numerical investigations",[253,215,254,255,256,257],"Tien‐Fu Yang","Pei-Yi Lin","Cong-You Lin","Chang-Chong Yang","Uzair Sajjad",{"@type":83,"@id":259,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":260,"schema:headline":261,"schema:author":262,"schema:datePublished":246},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Fitec55900.2023.10187059","10.1109\u002Fitec55900.2023.10187059","Performance Comparison of Open-Circuit Voltage Modelling of Li-ion Batteries at Different C-Rates",[116,263,118],"James H Nguyen",{"@type":83,"@id":265,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":266,"schema:headline":267,"schema:author":268,"schema:datePublished":246,"schema:isPartOf":127},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Ftte.2023.3341695","10.1109\u002Ftte.2023.3341695","Performance Analysis of Empirical Open-Circuit Voltage Modeling in Lithium-Ion Batteries—Part 3: Experimental Results",[116,263,118],{"@type":83,"@id":270,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":271,"schema:headline":272,"schema:author":273,"schema:datePublished":246,"schema:isPartOf":274},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fen16186750","10.3390\u002Fen16186750","Data Augmentation and Feature Selection for the Prediction of the State of Charge of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Artificial Neural Networks",[226,227,229,230,231],"Energies",{"@type":83,"@id":276,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":277,"schema:headline":278,"schema:author":279,"schema:datePublished":246,"schema:isPartOf":281},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fjlpea13020029","10.3390\u002Fjlpea13020029","Battery Parameter Analysis through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy at Different State of Charge Levels",[280,237,118],"Yuchao Wu","Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications",{"@type":83,"@id":283,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":284,"schema:headline":285,"schema:author":286,"schema:datePublished":246,"schema:isPartOf":185},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.48550\u002Farxiv.2306.16575","10.48550\u002Farxiv.2306.16575","Performance Analysis of Empirical Open-Circuit Voltage Modeling in Lithium Ion Batteries, Part-3: Experimental Results",[116,263,118],{"@type":83,"@id":288,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":289,"schema:headline":290,"schema:author":291,"schema:datePublished":293,"schema:isPartOf":167},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2022.232068","10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2022.232068","Numerical and experimental study on thermal management of NCM-21700 Li-ion battery",[253,254,292,219,215],"Li-Tao Teng",2022,{"@type":83,"@id":295,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":296,"schema:headline":297,"schema:author":298,"schema:datePublished":293,"schema:isPartOf":133},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fbatteries8020017","10.3390\u002Fbatteries8020017","Effect of Internal AC Heating on the Temperature Homogeneity of Different Size Battery Cells",[299,300],"Howard L. Richards","Christopher Vagg",{"@type":83,"@id":302,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":303,"schema:headline":304,"schema:author":305,"schema:datePublished":293,"schema:isPartOf":133},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fbatteries8080076","10.3390\u002Fbatteries8080076","Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Unit Made of Cylindrical Cells",[306,307,308,309],"Morena Falcone","Nicolò Federico Quattromini","C. Rossi","Beatrice Pulvirenti",{"@type":83,"@id":311,"schema:additionalType":85,"schema:identifier":312,"schema:headline":313,"schema:author":314,"schema:datePublished":293,"schema:isPartOf":274},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fen15114025","10.3390\u002Fen15114025","High Performance Hybrid Vehicle Concept—Preliminary Study and Vehicle Packaging",[315,316],"Leone Martellucci","Roberto Capata",{"@type":83,"@id":318,"schema:additionalType":319,"schema:identifier":320,"schema:headline":321,"schema:author":322,"schema:datePublished":145},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Fitec63604.2025.11097908","REFERENCED","10.1109\u002Fitec63604.2025.11097908","Simulation and Experimental Validation of Cross-Switched Reconfigurable Battery",[323,228,324,325,231,229],"Nina Sorokina","Wolfgang Bliemetsrieder","Andreas Wiedenmann",{"@type":83,"@id":327,"schema:additionalType":319,"schema:identifier":328,"schema:headline":329,"schema:author":330,"schema:datePublished":194},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Fepe61521.2024.10559556","10.1109\u002Fepe61521.2024.10559556","Performance Analysis of Reconfigurable Inverter Battery Systems for Aircraft Applications",[323,324,331,228,231,229],"Julian Estaller",{"@type":83,"@id":333,"schema:additionalType":319,"schema:identifier":334,"schema:headline":335,"schema:author":336,"schema:datePublished":246},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.23919\u002Fepe23ecceeurope58414.2023.10264472","10.23919\u002Fepe23ecceeurope58414.2023.10264472","Investigation of Reconfigurable Battery Efficiency for an Application in an Electrical Sailplane",[323,337,338,339,231,229],"Tobias Högerl","Bliemetsrieder Wolfgang","Luca Hein",{"@type":83,"@id":341,"schema:additionalType":319,"schema:identifier":342,"schema:headline":343,"schema:author":344,"schema:datePublished":246,"schema:isPartOf":274},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.3390\u002Fen16207066","10.3390\u002Fen16207066","Lithium-Ion Battery State of Health Estimation Using Simple Regression Model Based on Incremental Capacity Analysis Features",[345,346,347],"Kairong Lin","Chien‐Chung Huang","Kin Cheong Sou",{"@type":83,"@id":349,"schema:additionalType":319,"schema:identifier":350,"schema:headline":351,"schema:author":352,"schema:datePublished":293},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1109\u002Ficwite57052.2022.10176260","10.1109\u002Ficwite57052.2022.10176260","Temperature-based State of Health estimation for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Batteries using Machine Learning Algorithms",[353,354],"Rinika Paul","Kaliyaperumal Deepa",{"@type":83,"@id":356,"schema:identifier":357,"schema:headline":358,"schema:author":359,"schema:datePublished":293,"schema:isPartOf":167},"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2022.232214","10.1016\u002Fj.jpowsour.2022.232214","Thermal management system for air-cooled battery packs with flow-disturbing structures",[360,361,362],"Resul Sahin","Sinan Göçmen","Erdal Çetkin",{"@type":364,"schema:name":365},"schema:Person","Philipp Dechent","1.0","2026-09-27",1790617784933]